沉积碳酸锰矿床研究进展及有待深入探讨的若干问题   总被引：4，自引：1，他引：3  

董志国  张连昌  王长乐  张帮禄  彭自栋  朱明田  冯京  谢月桥 《矿床地质》2020,39(2):237-255

表生环境中存在2种机制可以形成碳酸锰矿物:①从缺氧海水中直接沉淀;②先在氧化海水中形成锰氧化物,随后在埋藏过程中通过成岩作用转化为碳酸锰。目前,主流观点认为只有通过第二种机制才可以形成碳酸锰矿床,并在此基础上提出了极端地质事件(如大氧化事件、雪球事件)、闭塞盆地、最小含氧带扩张等成矿模型,近年来同时强调微生物活动、底层水氧化持续时间在成矿中发挥关键作用。沉积碳酸锰成矿不仅与古大气组分、古海洋状态、初级生产力、海底热液活动等多个圈层的耦合作用关系密切,同时也会影响多种生命元素(C、N、S、P等)和氧化还原敏感元素(U、V、Mo、Tl等)的表生循环,因此富碳酸锰的沉积岩是探讨古环境及海洋元素循环的重要载体。目前在沉积碳酸锰成矿理论方面有待深入探讨的问题包括:①碳酸锰直接沉淀成矿的可能性与有效性;②锰质来源与铁锰分离机制的识别;③主要控矿因素的识别及其时空演化规律;④矿石矿物组合及矿床地球化学对成岩精细过程的制约。  相似文献   

藏南错那洞穹隆早渐新世含绿柱石花岗伟晶岩的成因机制及其地质意义   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

张志  李光明  张林奎  董随亮  梁维  付健刚  黄勇  曹华文  夏祥标 《沉积与特提斯地质》2020,40(2):14-30

错那洞穹隆位于特提斯喜马拉雅东段,发育钨锡-铍稀有金属成矿作用。错那洞穹隆由上(边部)、中(幔部)、下(核部)3个构造层组成,分别以上、下拆离断层为分界线,其中在幔部强变形带中发育一套同构造变形的含绿柱石花岗伟晶岩。锆石U-Pb年代学表明,该套伟晶岩形成于33.7±0.4Ma(MSWD=1.12),为早渐新世岩浆活动的产物,明显早于穹隆中目前发现的淡色花岗岩(20～14Ma)。岩石地球化学和Sr-Nd-Hf同位素测试结果显示:(1)错那洞早渐新世花岗伟晶岩为过铝质高钾富钠花岗质岩石,具有较高SiO_2(69.74%)、高Al_2O_3(14.58%)及较低的CaO、MgO、MnO、TiO_2的特征;(2)高场强元素及大离子亲石元素均呈现高度变化特征,富集轻稀土元素,亏损重稀土元素;(3)Sr同位素初始值(0.696308～0.751604)与Nd同位素初始值(-11.48～-12.05)总体在角闪岩与泥质片麻岩之间,ε_(Hf)(t)值介于-5.4～0.1之间(主要集中在-5.4～-1.8)。综合研究表明,错那洞早渐新世含绿柱石伟晶岩是角闪岩与泥质片麻岩混熔的结果,其中泥质片麻岩的部分熔融起主导作用,其形成与藏南拆离系(STDS)的活动密切相关,表明错那洞地区新生代地壳深熔作用主要源岩在早渐新世已完成了从角闪岩向泥质片麻岩的转变。该同构造变形含绿柱石伟晶岩的发现,揭示错那洞穹隆的成穹作用至少在早渐新世便已开始。铍稀有金属可能在早渐新世已有了初始富集,而在中新世大规模岩浆活动中实现了巨量富集。  相似文献   

基于下一代性能设计理论的全概率抗震性能评估          下载免费PDF全文

董艳秋  王宪杰  王希  杨思昭  周潇凡  龙诗琪  吕龙 《世界地震工程》2020,(2):012-20

对建筑物灾变发生时经济损失和人员伤亡情况做出准确预估是未来建筑结构设计初期需要努力的方向。基于下一代性能化设计理论,通过精细化建模和动力时程分析对结构进行易损性分析,并以此得到抗震性能评估所需的各类地震响应参数,建立RC框架结构全概率抗震性能评估方法。以云南大学力行楼为例,通过地震损失预测得到了该栋建筑的经济损失、修复时间和人员伤亡情况。该方法直观清晰地展示了结果,便于业主及非本专业从业者理解。  相似文献   

Analysis of Stock Market Development and CO2 Emissions on OECD Countries via an Empirical Model     

Zhigang Li  Wei‐Ting Chen  I‐Chia Chang  Joe‐Ming Lee 《洁净——土壤、空气、水》2020,48(4)

Accompanying economic growth, CO₂ emissions have polluted the natural environment worldwide. This study highlights the special problems with stock market development and CO₂ emissions in 25 Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) countries during 1971–2007 to trace the trend of CO₂ emissions while countries grow their economies. A panel‐data model is applied to analyze the relationships between stock market (SM) development, energy consumption, gross domestic product (GDP), and CO₂ emissions in 25 OECD countries. Low‐GDP countries show different results from high‐GDP countries in the trends of SM development and CO₂ emissions, and dynamic effects occur in SM development and CO₂ emissions under various GDP conditions. There is a negative relationship between SM development and CO₂ emissions if countries enjoy high economic growth, which means that these countries avoid CO₂ emissions through SM development. However, a positive relationship is found between SM development and CO₂ emissions if countries experience low economic growth, which means that SM development does not show the boycott‐effect relationship with CO₂ emissions when countries experience low levels of economic development. This study shows a correlation between SM development and CO₂ emissions among OECD countries.  相似文献   

Tropical Atlantic variability and coupled model climate biases: results from the Tropical Atlantic Climate Experiment (TACE)     

W. E. Johns  P. Brandt  P. Chang 《Climate Dynamics》2014,43(11):2887-2887

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Measurement of stream cross section using ground penetration radar with Hilbert–Huang transform          下载免费PDF全文

Yen‐Chang Chen  Su‐Pai Kao  Jhong‐Hua Wu 《水文研究》2014,28(4):2468-2477

This study presents a new method to measure stream cross section without having contact with water. Compared with conventional measurement methods which apply instruments such as sounding weight, ground penetration radar (GPR), used in this study, is a non‐contact measurement method. This non‐contact measurement method can reduce the risk to hydrologists when they are conducting measurements, particularly in high flow period. However, the original signals obtained by using GPR are very complex, different from studies in the past where the measured data were mostly interpreted by experts with special skill or knowledge of GPR so that the results obtained were less objective. This study employs Hilbert–Huang transform (HHT) to process GPR signals which are difficult to interpret by hydrologists. HHT is a newly developed signal processing method that can not only process the nonlinear and non‐stationary complex signals, but also maintain the physical significance of the signal itself. Using GPR with HHT, this study establishes a non‐contact stream cross‐section measurement method with the ability to measure stream cross‐sectional areas precisely and quickly. Also, in comparison with the conventional method, no significant difference in results is found to exist between the two methods, but the new method can considerably reduce risk, measurement time, and manpower. It is proven that the non‐contact method combining GPR with HHT is applicable to quickly and accurately measure stream cross section. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

Mass motion in upper solar chromosphere detected from solar eclipse observation     

Zhi Li  Zhongquan Qu  Xiaoli Yan  Guangtao Dun  Liang Chang 《Astrophysics and Space Science》2016,361(5):159

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柱色谱分离-分子筛络合洗脱过程中正构烷烃单体碳同位素分馏研究     

董浩伟  赵佳玉  曾凡刚  谢曼曼  尚文郁  王淑贤  孙青 《岩矿测试》2021,(3):349-357

应用气相色谱-气体同位素质谱(GC-C-IRMS)分析正构烷烃单体碳同位素之前,需要对饱和烃样品中正构烷烃和异构烷烃进行预分离、富集,在预分离和富集过程中正构烷烃单体碳同位素是否发生分馏是高精度分析正构烷烃单体碳同位素比值(δ~(13)C)的关键。本文以正构烷烃混合溶液为对象,利用柱色谱、5■分子筛络合、环己烷-正戊烷混合溶剂两次洗脱,GC-C-IRMS分析正构烷烃单体碳同位素,研究前处理过程中正构烷烃单体碳同位素是否发生分馏。结果表明:使用柱色谱分离前后,多数正构烷烃单体碳同位素比值相差-0.2‰～0.2‰;当5■分子筛不完全络合时,未络合的正构烷烃单体碳同位素比值偏重约0.7‰,可能发生了微弱的碳同位素分馏,但并未影响洗脱后的正构烷烃单体碳同位素比值;使用环己烷-正戊烷混合溶剂洗脱前后,碳同位素比值相差-0.2‰～0.5‰,以同样方式洗脱第二次,获得的正构烷烃单体碳同位素比值与模拟样品相差-0.3‰～0.2‰。分析不同回收率(20%)正构烷烃的单体碳同位素比值,处理前后的差值基本在0.3‰以内,可见当正构烷烃回收率低至20%左右时,其单体碳同位素仍未发生明显分馏。柱色谱分离-5■分子筛络合-混合溶剂洗脱方法适用于回收率大于20%的正构烷烃单体碳同位素分析。  相似文献   

柴北缘赛坝沟金矿床硫、铅同位素组成:对成矿物质来源的指示   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

唐名鹰  何宗围  朱德全  张宇  高振华  董振昆  李小东 《矿床地质》2021,40(1):117-127

柴北缘赛坝沟金矿床是青海省赛什腾山-阿尔茨托山成矿带上重要的岩金矿床,成矿地质条件优越。矿体赋存于北西-北北西向韧-脆性断裂构造组内,呈脉状、透镜状,构造控矿作用明显,矿石类型分为石英脉型和蚀变糜棱岩型。热液成矿期可划分为4个阶段:Ⅰ少量黄铁矿-烟灰色石英阶段、Ⅱ金-黄铁矿-乳白色石英阶段、Ⅲ多金属硫化物-金-灰白色-灰褐色石英阶段、Ⅳ灰白色-浅肉红色石英-碳酸盐岩阶段。文章基于各热液成矿阶段硫化物的硫、铅同位素研究,探讨了赛坝沟金矿床成矿物质来源。研究结果表明,赛坝沟金矿床矿石中硫同位素在0.50‰~3.93‰之间,分布集中,通过与区域矿床围岩及成矿后石英脉硫同位素值(3.7‰~4.0‰)进行比较,认为赛坝沟金矿中的硫除来自于围岩外,更多来自于深部的幔源流体;铅同位素组成特征分析表明,赛坝沟金矿床矿石铅主要来源于深部地幔与下地壳铅混合,也有少量上地壳铅的参与,而围岩铅主要来源于上地壳。  相似文献   

新疆阿克陶县乌孜别里地区流纹岩的形成时代及成因分析     

李沛  王核  普强  丘增旺  闫庆贺  董瑞  张晓宇 《地球化学》2021,50(6):562-578

西昆仑乌孜别里山口南侧一带火山岩地层的时代归属一直存有争议.该套地层虽普遍发育以流纹岩为主的火山岩系,但尚未有人对其开展系统的年代学与地球化学研究.本次研究对该套地层中的流纹岩进行元素地球化学、锆石U-Pb定年及Hf同位素的研究.流纹岩激光剥蚀电感耦合等离子体质谱(LA-ICP-MS)锆石U-Pb年龄为(521.0±2.8)Ma,表明其形成于早寒武世.流纹岩具有高硅富碱的特点,为过铝质、高钾钙碱性系列,岩石明显富集大离子亲石元素(Rb、K)、轻稀土元素和不相容元素U,相对亏损重稀土元素、高场强元素(P、Ti),具有中等Eu负异常,流纹岩具有高分异S型花岗岩的特征.锆石Hf同位素初始比值 εHf(t)变化范围在?0.9～4.1之间,主要为正值,两阶段Hf模式年龄(tDM2)介于1533～1229 Ma之间,显示乌孜别里地区流纹岩为中元古代新生地壳物质重熔形成的岩浆,经较高程度的分异演化而成.结合前人研究成果,推断研究区流纹岩形成于原特提斯洋俯冲背景下岩浆弧构造环境.  相似文献